MIDDLE EAST SEMINAR
SHIFT IN PHOTOJOURNALISM PRODUCTION IN PALESTINE/ISRAEL SINCE 1967
THEME AND JUSTIFICATION
June is the anniversary of the Six-Day War, which saw Israel defeating three Arab Nations (Egypt, Jordan and Syria) in a pre-emptive attack. This war was the last of three and consolidated the State of Israel in the Middle East. The other two were fought in 1948 and 1956 respectively, both of them won by Israel.
Although there was a strong feeling that the war was inevitable, Israel’s pre-emptive attack came with a great deal of surprise. The morale in Israel’s territories was low and the expectation was that defeat by the Arabs was imminent. Israelis photographers embedded in the Israeli Armed Forces produced the bulk of photographs taken during the conflict. In the first part of the presentation we have Photographs taken in Jerusalem, Gaza, Sinai and Golan Heights – most of them by Israelis.
The world press saw an enormous rise in demand of photographs from the Middle East – especially Palestine/Israel since the 1967 War. The occupation of Jerusalem, the creation of settlements in the Palestinian Territories, the suicide bombers and the assumption that Israel processes nuclear heads made the region the hottest spot in the world for photojournalists.
PALESTINIANS ARE FREE TO PHOTOGRAPH
Photography in Palestine and Arab Nations is a recent craft not only but primarily due interpretations of some verses of the Holy Koran. No long ago the only photographs widely accepted in Muslim Countries would be those for official use such as in passports, driving licenses and so on.
Sheikh Ahmad Kutty, a senior lecture and an Islamic scholar at the Islamic Institute of Toronto gives us a much contemporary concept: “ …one cannot make an unqualified statement to the effect that all photograph is halal (permissible). It depends on the use or function of it. If is for educational purpose and has not being tainted with the motive of reverence and hero worship, there is nothing in the sources to prohibit it”.
UNDERSTANDING THE POLITICAL USE OF PHOTOGRAPHS
The wall built by the Israelis to protect its citizens from suicide bombers – and arguably to divide the Palestinians – contributed to increase the tensions within Gaza and the West Bank. As the armed struggle weakens and the political one fails to establish a State for the Palestinians, many blame Western policies and media for lack of progress in establishing a Palestinian homeland.
In the last few years we have an exceptional increase in killing and kidnappings of Western journalists in the Occupied Territories – the most recent being of a BBC correspondent Alan Johnson. We also notice an explosion in the use of local photographers especially by Reuters and AFP. The digital technology played an important role as images can be sent in almost real time to offices in London, Paris, New York or any other city in the world.
It seams clear to me that these are strategies developed by the Palestinian policy makers to make sure that the “right image” leaves the Occupied Territories as they become aware of the power of media and the interpretation of events. Besides some of the locals are now fully trained to deliver at a Western standard.